Rohtas Fort

Me and my friends while studying in university made a plan to visit some place.Due to shortage of time and nearness we all decided to visit Rohtas Fort as we are living in Gujrat.We were preplanned and decided 19 December sunday.We gathered at selcterd place hier a van for this purpose then we went to Rohtas Fort.There we saw several ates of Fort and some famous places of this Fort.

Rohtas Fort is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. This fort is about 4 km in circumference and the first example of the successful amalgamation of Pukhtun and Hindu architecture in the Indian Subcontinent.

Sher Shah Suri named Qila Rohtas after the famous Rohtasgarh Fort in Shahabad district near Baharkunda, Bihar which he captured from the Raja of Rohtas Hari Krishan Rai in 1539.
Sher Shah constructed Qila Rohtas to block Emperor Humayun's return to India after defeating him in the Battle of Kanauj. This fort lies on the old GT road between the North (Afghanistan) to the Plains of Punjab. It blocked the way from Peshawar to Lahore. The other reason was to suppress the local tribe of this region Potohar called Gakhars who were allies of Humayun and refused their allegiance to Sher Shah Suri. The Emperor instructed the local Janjua Rajput tribe to help construct the fort to crush the Gakhars[1] when the latter became openly defiant and persecuting labourers who attended the construction.

Qila Rohtas is situated in a gorge approximately 16 km NW of Jhelum and 7 km from Dina. It was constructed on a hillock where the tiny Kahan river meets another rainy stream called Parnal Khas and turns east towards Tilla Jogian Range. The fort is about 300 feet above its surroundings. It is 2660 feet (818 meters) above sea level and covers an area of 12.63 acres.

The height of the outer wall varies between 10 and 18 meters. Its thickness varies between 10 and 13 meters. The wall has 2 or 3 terraces and varies in thickness, the maximum being 13 meters near the Mori Gate. The terraces are linked by staircases. The topmost terrace has merlon-shaped battlements. Muskets can be fired from these battlements. Soldiers could also pour molten lead over the walls.

The wall is built in sandstone laid in lime mortar mixed with brick. The gates are in grey ashlar masonry. Some portions have been built using burnt brick.

  Sohail Gate PlanThis gate is the best example of masonry in use in the time of Sher Shah. It derives its name from a Saint names Sohail Bukhari buried in the south-western bastion of the gate. Others say that it was names after the Sohail Star which rises on this side of the fort.

Shah Chandwali GateThis gate links the citadel to the main fort. It is named after a Saint Shah Chandwali who refused to get his wages for working on this gate. The saint died while still on work and was buried near the gate. His shrine still stands to this day.

This gate opens to the west and is named “Kabuli” because it faces Kabul.

Sishi gate derives its name from the beautiful glazed tiles used to decorate its outer arch. These tiles are the earliest examples of this technique which was later refined in Lahore. These tiles are blue in color.

Langer Khani is a double gate 15.25 meters (50 feet) high, 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) wide with a central arched opening. The oouter arch has a small window like the Sohail Gate. The outer opening leads to a Langar Khana (Mess or Canteen).

This gate is 15.25 meter high and 13.8 meter wide with two bastions on either side. This gates name derives from “Talaq” (divorce). According to a legend, Prince Sabir Suri entered the gate and had an attack of fever which proved fatal. This was regarded as a bad omen and the name became “Talaqi”.

This gate is named after one of Sher Shah Suri’s greatest general, Khwas Khan. This was the original entrance to the Qila (Fort) because outside the gate lies the old GT Road.

It is a double gate. The outer gate is 12.8 meter wide (42 feet) and 8 meter (26 feet) deep. This gate has a bastion and a defensive wall on each side. On the bastions canons could be deployed. The inner and outer gates are almost mirror images of each other. The top of the gate has five battlements. All of these have loopholes as well as machicolation. Unlike other gates of this Qila, the inner side of the gate has five battlements.The inner and outer arches have sunflower motifs like the Sohail Gate. The gate also has a room which has windows opening to the inside and the outside.

Tulla Mori Gate this is an entrance rather than a gate. It is on the eastern side of the fort. It is about 2 meters wide. There is a bastion next to this entrance.

This small mosque is near the Kabuli gate. It has a prayer chamber and a small courtyard. It is the most decorated of the original buildings of the fort. To be ever ready in case of attack, stairs lead directly from the courtyard of this mosque to the top of Kabuli Gate.

                        

   

                   

These are some pics we capture at Rohtas Fort.Not all pics i have added but some how.

Between love and madness, lies xenophobia

First of all i want to tell about love many questions exists when  i think about love.Love is our feeling our

attitude which are causing for human pleasure.Love means to care for someone specially for whome we 

have feelings we need those people.Due to my point of view we dont give way to love but love itself makes it way and happens at once.According to my knowledge there are two types of Love these are impersonal and interpersonal.Impersonal my be our love with our country or other something while interpersonal love refers between humans.Now let talk about madness basically madness is known as mentall illness. Love and madness not that different.To be madly in love might be exactly that madness.There is a poem about Love and Maddness.

The Madness of love

The madness of love

Is a rich fief;

Anyone who recognized this

Would not ask Love for anything else:

It can unite Opposites

And reverse the paradox.

I am declaring the truth about this:

The madness of love makes bitter what was sweet,

It makes the stranger a kinsman,

And it makes the smallest the most proud.

To souls who have not reached such love,

I give this good counsel:

If they cannot do more,

Let them beg Love for amnesty,

And serve with faith,

According to the counsel of noble Love,

And think: 'It can happen,

Love's power is so great!'

Only after his death

Is a man beyond cure.

Now to talk about xenophobia it is a fear about stranger or something strange.As someone indulged in love becomes madd while xenophobia exists in love.Because when people loves someone mostly situation appears that they don't know each other and both are having fear about each other that what kind of person might be.Both in start feel hesitation so thats my point i want to imply that between love and madness lies xenophobia.Love itself a madness and makes people fear about other one which plays a role as xenophobia.

So where there love exists madness must be there and also xenophobia might be there.So here we can say that there exists a strong realtionship between love,madness and xenophobia.

Friendship is an important part of Life

         How to make friendship

Friendships are an important part of life, but many of us find it difficult to find, make or keep friends. Life events, such as moving to another neighbourhood, starting a job or having a baby, can isolate us from our former support group and make forging new friendships more important than ever. In other cases, shyness or poor social skills can prevent us from taking the first step in forming a friendship. This article offers practical suggestions that may help you to expand your social circle or reinforce the relationships you already have.

Priming yourself for friendship

You may want friendship, but what kind of friend would you make? Factors to consider include:

Attitudes to others - we can drive potential friends away by demanding they share our attitudes, beliefs or behaviours. If you accept that other people have a right to be different from you, then you open yourself up to the possibility of experiencing relationships that bring a fresh perspective to your life.

Treatment of other people - think about how you like to be treated, then offer the same to the people in your life.

Don't expect instant results - good friends aren't made overnight. Sharing your deepest secrets in one night won't necessarily create a close friendship. It may even drive the other person away. Take it slowly. Divulge 'safe' secrets first, and allow the relationship to hold some weight before you share the meatier issues in your life.

Curb the urge to criticise - constantly griping about the failures and weaknesses of other people can make your listener feel wary of you. How do they know you aren't complaining about their flaws to other friends?
Don't gossip - potential friends aren't going to trust you if you constantly gossip to them about the trials and tribulations of other people in your life.
Don't compromise yourself - each one of us has standards of morality and behaviour. Don't allow yourself to compromise yourself for the sake of 'fitting in' with a group.
Places to meet friends
 Many people make friends at work. Open yourself up to the possibilities by participating in social occasions, such as Friday night drinks or lunches to celebrate employee birthdays.
Follow your interests. For example, if you like walking, join a neighbourhood walking group.
If you don't work and have no particular hobbies, consider joining a volunteer group with a charity that interests you.
Use your existing network of family and friends to meet new people.
Don't turn down party invitations.
When making friends is difficult
Some people find it difficult to make friends. Perhaps they are shy, or feel they lack the social skills to start a conversation. Suggestions include:
Join groups that share your common interests. Talking about one of your passions, such as gardening or writing short stories, for example, can help give you confidence to talk about other things with potential new friends.
Watch and learn from gregarious people who make friends easily.
Practise looking people in the eye when you talk to them.
Listen to what others are saying, rather than focusing on your own self-consciousness.
Smile.
Look for anyone else in the room who seems socially awkward, and approach them for conversation.
When you talk to someone new, ask them questions about themselves or what they like to do; it's a good way to get started.
Social skills can be learned, so seek professional help if you feel you need it.
Keeping friendships
Appreciate your friends - don't take your friends for granted. Take the time to thank your friends for enhancing your life, in whichever way suits best - for example, inviting them over for dinner for no other reason than to have fun together.
Offer time and attention - friendships need to be nurtured. If you are consistently too busy to give time to your friends, they will one day move on without you. Ensure you make friendship an important priority. Actively listen to your friends, and show your interest and enthusiasm in their lives.
Be compassionate - people make mistakes. Sometimes, a friend may do something of which you don't approve. Put yourself in their shoes - would you want condemnation or forgiveness from those who are supposed to love and care for you?
Don't abuse trust - for example, if a friend tells you a secret, keep it to yourself. You might think you're building relationships with others by sharing gossip, but you're actually ensuring that others won't trust you enough to tell you anything. And if your friend finds out you abused their trust, your relationship with them is as good as over.
Control jealousy - you may want your best friend to be 'faithful' to you, which means you experience jealousy if they have other close relationships. Learn to appreciate that love for friends - like love for one's children - can be limitless.
Where to get help
Local councils (for information about local activities)
Local community centre or Neighbourhood House
Things to remember

Life events, such as moving to another neighbourhood, starting a job or having a baby, can isolate us from our former support group and make forging new friendships more important than ever.

Participate in work social functions, join a hobby group or volunteer for charity work.

Friendships need love, time, attention and trust if they are to survive.

Yahoo the Best!

Yahoo is an American public corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, that provides Internet services worldwide. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine, Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, and social media websites and services.ets.According to my search Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 1, 1995.Yahoo is the largest way of communication people use it for many purposes.I like yahoo so muc because it is my best companion when i am alone i can find new friends i can search every thing i want.I can make friends all over the world i share them many things and also they share me things very interesting its all about yahoo who provides us services.

Sigh of relief

Today i woke up and get ready for my University.I was late from my class and told my friend to make approxy at attendence sheet he said ok.Then i get ready and leave my home for University.I was going on my way while in happy mood and singing song.As i reach half of my way a man on bike hurrily across me then i see an envelop fell from his pocket as i took the envelop i saw round about 1 million repees in this envelop i called that person hie doesn't listen then i follow him after 20 minutes of follwing i reached him.I ask hin to check his thing he say waht are you talking then i shown him the envelope he was surprised and i said count your money and let me go he said yes i cunted and it is totall i get from bank and also told me that this money he get for his daughter's marriage.My eyes filled with tears and i thank my God who show me the right way.Then the man asked me to go to his home for a cup of tea i excused but he said its a thanking cup of tea i went with him he told his mother and whole family the whole incident they were very happy and prayed me alot.Then i came back for University.First time i felt in my life that i really took a right step i told my family and friends and really get appriciation.